Microbial risk assessment is a field of study that focuses on the potential risks associated with exposure to microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It involves evaluating the likelihood of harmful effects on human health caused by these microorganisms, as well as assessing the potential sources of exposure and methods of transmission. Microbial risk assessment plays a crucial role in developing strategies for preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases and ensuring the safety of food, water, and other environmental elements. This field of research is interdisciplinary, drawing on expertise from microbiology, epidemiology, toxicology, and environmental health to better understand and manage the risks posed by microorganisms.